High-pressure pipeline co2 fire extinguishing system

I. Definition and Classification
1. Definition
The high-pressure pipeline CO₂ fire extinguishing system is a gas fire extinguishing system that uses high-pressure stored carbon dioxide as the fire extinguishing medium and discharges fire extinguishing agents to the protected area or protected objects through a fixed pipeline network. Its core feature is that carbon dioxide is stored in liquid form in high-pressure steel cylinders (with a storage pressure of 15MPa), and the fire extinguishing agent is rapidly discharged through the pipeline network by driving the gas (nitrogen), achieving efficient fire suppression.

2. Classification
By application form:
Total flooding system: It sprays the entire enclosed space and is suitable for unmanned or sparsely populated places such as data centers and archives.
Local application system: Directly spray to protect specific objects (such as mechanical equipment, cultural relics), suitable for scenarios like spray painting workshops and museums.
Mobile system: Portable design, suitable for temporary or small-scale fire protection (such as charging piles, integrated cabinets).
By installation structure
Unit independent system: A set of storage devices protects a single protected area, suitable for independent or high-risk protected areas.
Combined distribution system: Shared storage devices protect multiple protected areas, and costs are reduced by switching through selection valves.
By protected object:
Total flooding: Overall protection of enclosed space, design concentration ≥34%.
Local application: Directly spray the protected object, with a spraying time of ≥0.5 minutes.

Ii. Working Principle and Component Composition
1. Working principle
Fire detection: Smoke and temperature detectors in the protected area issue fire alarm signals.
Signal processing: After the controller confirms the fire, it initiates a delay program (20 to 30 seconds) to remind people to evacuate.
Drive gas release: After the delay ends, the drive gas (nitrogen) cylinder group releases high-pressure gas.
Fire extinguishing agent discharge: Nitrogen pushes liquid carbon dioxide to be discharged at high speed through the pipeline network to the protected area. Fire extinguishing is achieved by reducing the oxygen concentration (to about 12%) and absorbing heat.
2. Core components
Storage of fire extinguishing agent
High-pressure steel cylinder: Stores liquid carbon dioxide at a pressure of 15MPa, made of 316L stainless steel.
Container valve: Controls the release of fire extinguishing agent and is equipped with a pressure relief device (operating pressure: 19MPa±0.95MPa).
Leak detection device: Monitors storage pressure to ensure system integrity.
Pipe network system
Manifold: Collects the driving gas and distributes it to each protected area.
High-pressure hose: Connects the gas cylinder to the manifold, made of stainless steel.
Selection valve (combined distribution system) : Switches the flow direction of the fire extinguishing agent to ensure directional discharge.
Nozzle: Atomizes fire extinguishing agent to evenly cover the protected area or protected object.
Control and Drive
Solenoid valve: Receives control signals and initiates the release of driving gas.
Gas path check valve: Prevents gas backflow and ensures unidirectional flow in the system.
Pressure signaler: Feeds back the pressure in the pipeline to confirm the discharge status of the fire extinguishing agent.
Safety device
Pressure relief device: Prevents pipeline overpressure, with an operating pressure of 15MPa±0.75MPa.
Anti-static grounding: Grounding the pipeline system with a resistance of ≤1000Ω to prevent explosions caused by static electricity.

Iii. Application Scenarios and Industrial Chain Analysis
1. Applicable scenarios
Total flooding system
Data center: Protect server rooms and prevent electrical fires.
Archives/Libraries: Protect paper documents and prevent water damage.
Power substation: Control cable trench and distribution cabinet fires.
Local application system
Industrial equipment: Protect machine tools and painting lines to prevent the spread of local fires.
Cultural relics/Museums: Precisely protect precious exhibits and avoid full-scale release.
Spray painting workshop: Control fires caused by flammable liquid vapor and reduce production disruptions.
Mobile system
Temporary facilities: Exhibitions, temporary warehouses, rapid deployment.
Small-scale scenarios: charging piles, integrated cabinets, flexible protection.

Iv. Safety Precautions
Startup method:
Automatic, manual and mechanical emergency operations are available. For local application systems, automatic control may not be required.
A conversion switch is installed at the entrance of the protected area. When someone enters, it should be switched to manual mode.
Personnel safety
The evacuation time is no more than 30 seconds, and a discharge indicator light is set up at the entrance of the protected area.
Mechanical exhaust devices are installed in the underground protected area to prevent the accumulation of carbon dioxide.
Environmental restrictions
Avoid using in environments below -20℃ or above 100℃. The designed dosage needs to be adjusted.
Stainless steel or copper pipes should be used in corrosive environments and coated with anti-corrosion coatings.
Maintenance requirements
Regularly check the pressure of the gas cylinders and the effectiveness of the pressure relief devices.
Conduct annual simulation start-up tests to ensure system reliability.

Summary
The high-pressure pipe network CO₂ fire extinguishing system, with its core advantages of high-pressure storage and rapid discharge, is widely used in scenarios such as data centers and industrial plants. Its design must strictly follow the "Code for Design of Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing Systems" and the "General Code for Fire Protection Facilities". The industrial chain has a relatively high degree of concentration and will continue to develop in the future in line with the requirements of intelligent control and environmental protection. When users make a choice, they need to pay close attention to parameters such as storage pressure, discharge time, and safety devices, and customize the design in combination with specific scenarios.