Inert Gas Fire Suppression System

Inert Gas Fire Suppression System: Technical Principles and Application Prospects
In modern buildings and industrial facilities, the inert gas fire suppression system has become an important alternative to traditional water-based or chemical dry powder fire extinguishing methods. With its eco-friendly, residue-free, and non-conductive properties, it is widely used in high-value environments such as data centers, substations, archives, and museums.

1. What is an Inert Gas Fire Suppression System?

An inert gas fire suppression system uses naturally occurring inert gases — such as nitrogen (N₂), argon (Ar), and IG-541 mixed gas — as the fire suppressant medium. Its core principle is to release a large volume of inert gas to reduce oxygen levels in the protected area to a level that cannot sustain combustion (typically down to 12.5%–15%), achieving rapid fire suppression without causing secondary damage to equipment, documents, or personnel.

Common types of inert gases include:

FM200（HFC 227ea）
NOVEC 1230（Fk-5-1-12）
IG-100 (pure nitrogen)
IG-541 (nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide mix)
These gases are derived from natural atmospheric components, making them safe for humans and environmentally friendly, in compliance with the Montreal Protocol on ozone layer protection and greenhouse gas control.

2. Working Principle of Inert Gas Fire Suppression Systems

An inert gas fire suppression system typically consists of the following components:

Gas Storage Cylinder Group: Stores high-pressure inert gas, usually at 15 MPa or 30 MPa.
Activation Device: Includes solenoid valves, manual buttons, or automatic detection signals.
Piping System: Transports the gas from the storage cylinders to the protected area.
Nozzles: Distribute the gas evenly to ensure full coverage within the shortest time.
Fire Detectors & Control Panel: Detects fire conditions and triggers the suppression process.
When a fire is confirmed by the detectors, the control system sends a command to open the container valve, allowing the inert gas to be rapidly discharged through the piping network into the protected zone, achieving fire suppression through oxygen reduction.

3. Key Advantages of Inert Gas Fire Suppression Systems

Environmentally Friendly

Does not use halocarbon agents, does not damage the ozone layer, and has no significant greenhouse effect, fully complying with international environmental standards.
Safe and Reliable

Oxygen levels are maintained above 12.5%, ensuring human safety even in occupied areas.
No Secondary Damage

Non-conductive, non-corrosive, and leaves no residue, ideal for protecting sensitive electronics, cultural relics, and server rooms.
High Fire Suppression Efficiency

Capable of discharging gas within 30 seconds, effectively preventing fire spread.
Low Maintenance Cost

Long service life; only periodic checks of cylinder pressure and mechanical parts are required, eliminating frequent agent replacement.

4. Typical Application Scenarios

Data Centers & Telecom Rooms

Servers generate significant heat and cannot be exposed to water-based systems. Inert gas systems provide clean and safe fire protection.
Power Substations & Electrical Rooms

High-voltage electrical equipment requires fire protection without conductive risks. Inert gas offers a secure and efficient solution.
Libraries & Archives

Documents are vulnerable to water damage. Inert gas ensures document integrity after discharge.
Rail Transit Control Systems

Subway stations, train control cabinets, and other compact spaces benefit from modular inert gas systems.